Mild Cognitive Impairment And Women Essay - 1095 Words

Name: Abhiyanta Shrestha Enrollment Number: M2016MH025 Mild Cognitive Impairment and Women in Old Age Home in Urban Mumbai: Prevalence and Patterns PART I - RESEARCH PROPOSAL a. The problem identification Older women are of special interest for me because of the fact that their numbers have outgrown rapidly in the global arena. The older population is predominantly female because women tend to live longer than men, older women outnumber older men almost everywhere. In 2013, globally, there were 85 men per 100 women in the age group 60 years or over and 61 men per 100 women in the age group 80 years or over (UN, 2013). On the other hand, one of the research indicated that the most frequent psychiatric disorders among older women were phobias, severe cognitive impairment, dysthymia, and major depressive episode without grief. Nevertheless, the rates of all these disorders, except for cognitive impairment, are lower for older than younger women. The focus of this thesis will be on one of the frequent psychiatric disorder among older women i.e. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) which is an intermediate stage between the expected cognitive decline of normal aging and the more-serious decline of dementia. It can involve problems with memory, language, thinking and judgment that are greater than normal age-related changes during old age. The condition in which people face memory problems more often than that of the average person their age. It is a heterogeneous disorder, affectingShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Exercise On The Cognitive Function Of Alzheimer s Patients1628 Words   |  7 PagesThe effect of exercise therapy on the cognitive function of Alzheimer s patients The aim of this paper is to analyse two trials that investigated whether physical exercise could be used to improve cognitive function in female Alzheimer s sufferers by evaluating the effect of aerobic exercise in the treatment of cognitive decline in female Alzheimer s patients. Papers appraised in this synopsis: Carla M.C. Nasimento, Camila V. L. Teixeira, Lilian T. B. Gobbi, Sebastiao Gobbi, (2012). A controlledRead MoreThe Effect Of Alpha 3 Fatty Acid Supplementation On Cognition1265 Words   |  6 Pagesdiet with a form of omega-3 fatty acid reduces the rate of cognitive decline in patients with early-stage Alzheimer’s disease. In an effort to assess the effects of PUFA intake, including omega-3 fatty acids, in subjects with cognitive decline, Wu et al. 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The Impact Of Australian Dollar On Australia s...

Over the past five years the Australian dollar has significantly dropped in value, this holds significant impact for key areas in Australia’s international growth. Looking at charts from the past 5 years compared to the past 20 years, it was easy to see that the Australian dollar is currently sitting at an average rate, whereas from 2010 to 2013 the Australian dollar was at an unusual peak Pettinger, T. (2013). The International Monetary Fund’s latest forecasts show economic growth in Australia staying under 2.5% and below global trends in 2016 before a recovery over the next two years Gurrib, I. (2012). The significant factor in slower growth is the shrinking activity in China, Australia’s biggest export destination, which means fewer†¦show more content†¦(Economics, T. (2016)) Table 1 Currency Weights (%) Chinese renminbi 26.7150 Japanese Yen 11.8869 USD 10.8137 European Euro 9.2587 South Korean Won 6.0400 Singapore Dollar 5.0235 New Zealand Dollar 4.1418 United Kingdom Pound 3.7134 Thai Baht 3.5237 Malaysian Ringgit 3.3181 Value and impact of changes to the $A Australia’s dollar value changes every hour which can have a large impact or small impact on our economy and the world economy. The dollar Impacts businesses in Australia that play an important role in the exportation of goods and importation of raw materials Pettinger, T. (2013). If the Australian dollar was too depreciate it would make exports cheaper and imports into Australia more expensive. The impact of the depreciation of the Australian dollar matter upon the elasticity of demand, If firms sell goods that are price inelastic, then the fall in their foreign price will have a relatively small increase in demand. If exports are price sensitive, then there’s a bigger percentage increase in demand (Pettinger, T. 2013). A possible problem of a depreciation in the Australian dollar is that it may cause inflation. Firms could then face costs such as greater uncertainty in inflation does result. Both demand and inflation are major causes in the value and change of the Aus tralian dollar. Australia’s International Competitiveness: International Competitiveness

Effect of Physical Environment on Organizational Behaviour

Question: Describe about the Effect of Physical Environment on Organizational Behaviour. Answer: Introduction The physical environment of a company is one of the important factors that mainly affect business performance. In recent times, managers attempt to improve conditions in the workplace. Internal elements such as poor infrastructural design, unstable operations, and many other issues significantly affect the growth of a company. Concerning a business firm`s profitability, employee efficiency and relation plays an important role. Companies focus on training and education facilities with a motive to increase labor skills. According to Wagner and Hollenbeck (2014), it is the responsibility of the management to check and create a suitable condition that safeguards the interest of the workers. Mentors greatly involve in defining and organizing the environment to best suit the workers. Further, the subject of internal surroundings and its effect on an organization`s development is a vital topic in the business world. The relationship between activities, methods used, company objectives, and the framework are an integral part of a business environment (Ryu Lee and Gon Kim 2012). The report studies various factors in a workplace and also takes into consideration the motivation and cultural trends of employees. Moreover to improve conditions, an analysis on efficient conflict solving is also included. In order to promote ideas and fulfill goals, companies aim to involve in the practice of strategy methods as well. Workplace Environment Factors With a growth of the world and business environment, there has also been a noticeable rise in internal physical factors that leads to the downfall of a company. Despite of a good pay package, employee performance depends on a list of several factors. One of the simplest methods that motivate workers is the issue of incentives and bonuses. According to McShane and Von Glinow (2015), the quality of business and a smooth flow of communication at all levels of the management influences achievements. Further, the attitude of employees towards their organization plays a major role in deciding future growth. A company is affected by an unstable relationship between the managers and staff. In order to implement proper decision making, collaboration and exchange of ideas proves to be beneficial. Some of the factors that directly affect the activities of a business are, Goal Setting: An open connection between supervisors and the employees develop company objectives. Moreover, mentors also set targets those maximize performance levels of the workers. A non-achievement of the rigid goals lowers motivation and consequently affects prosperity. Performance Feedback An upward flow of information relating to the performances of the workers leads to an excessive control by the supervisors. Alteration of the feedbacks leads to a rise of grapevine in the framework of the company. Role Congruity The organization depends on and also expects a lot from its employees. It is the responsibility of the supervisors to assign a task to the workers taking into consideration their capabilities (Naylor Pritchard and Ilgen 2013). Defined Processes In order to perform successfully, a company focuses on creating operational activities and providing necessary information to the employees. A clear understanding of the procedures increases feasibility. Managerial Support The management of a business firm involves in collecting and distributing resources among the different levels of the organizational framework to facilitate work. Further, immediate supervisors create formal and informal incentive plans that inspire workers (Wright Christensen and Isett 2013). Experts also help the needed to educate them about the use of new technologies. Job Aids According to Myers (2013), supply of templates and guides help the employees to maximize efficiency. In addition to checking errors, there arises a need for health and security schemes to gain trust and loyalty. Environmental Factors An element such as heat, power, rates and ventilation directly affect the health of the workers (Hartig et al. 2014). Increased temperature and improper lighting in industries lead to stress issues. Physical Elements The poor infrastructure and complex organizational structure constrain efficiency in the workplace. Furthermore, overcrowding and poor communication causes a downfall in performance levels. Employee Motivation According to Pinder (2014), the motivation of the employees is a much needed factor for successful operation of a company. In addition to influencing the employees, the ambition of the leaders plays a significant role in the prosperity of business. Concerning financial factors, issuing bonuses increase the productivity of the workers. An inspiring workplace includes a clear understanding of goals and objectives along with a continuous flow of communication among the top, middle and lower level management structure. The ground level employees greatly depend on their immediate mentors to help them in maximizing their skills and developing a sense of responsibility among them. Along with endangering loyalty, the top level managers use the tool of praise to motivate workers (Bryson and White 2013). Worker Culture A new person takes time to adapt to the traditions and cultures of the company. The diversification in communication patterns, colleague motives and supervisors attitudes largely influence the employment structure. Not adjusting to the prevailing trends gives rise to internal conflicts, gossips, politics and sometimes a significant amount of rumor. Additionally, a rise of the negativities in the framework also leads to an alteration in social practices and business factors that directly harm the revenue generation of the company. The intervention of superior authorities among the employees also has its adverse effects. Moreover physical environment factors add up to the internalities that influence anatomical structures. In order to gain stability and fill in differences between the employee, perception managers focus in matching the firm`s objectives with capabilities of individuals. According to Hill, Jones and Schilling (2014), a detailed study of the present issues is exercised to evaluate the degree of exposure and its effects on the business. The management in extraordinary situations involves in redesigning the workplace, employ newly designed tools and work towards a sustainability of the company environment. Effect of Physical Factors Workplace Design Over the years, the business framework has effectively made to the list of physical factors that directly affect business. The extra cost and intricate designs affect not only profitability but also the smooth functioning of a firm. A negative perception of the framework leads to decrease in productivity and high stress levels. Further, organizational design is one of the most important factors that affect employee behavior. As stated by Eden and Ackermann (2013), an appropriate workplace is comprised of a properly built workplace that best suits employees. In addition to increasing efficiency, open organization design aims to enhance the flow of mobile communication along with reducing setting up costs. As compared to conventional plans, the simple system of open plans enables employment of a vast number of workers. The firm relationship between managers and employees facilitates improvement in efficiency and performance levels. The flexible design specifically focuses on increment in morale and comfort. On the other hand, the same design also leads to a number of issues in the company. Over employment and no privacy zones are the primary problems that affect employees at work. Environmental Factors Indoor conditions in an industry mainly affect productivity of an organization. A feeling of discomfort and unhealthy internal climate directly leads to a downfall in employee activities. The increase in heat levels and improper lighting influences health standards. An issue of physical wellness and safety consequently affects flourishing of the company. Moreover, a dirty and unorganized workplace also creates a negative attitude of the workers. With an increase in innovation, members demand a visually attractive place to carry out activities. A suitable surrounding increases productivity and also motivates employees to attend work regularly. Sound problems in an industry directly harm the labors. Production processes in industrial segments give rise to a vital issue of noise pollution that only harms the external but also the internal business environment. With development in technology and use of machinery, there is a noticeable increase in stress disorders. Conflict Issues There arises a difference in the thought processes and attitudes of employees while operating as a group in an organization. A conflict in habits, approaches, and opinions slow down production process and also sometimes leads to rise in costs. As stated by David and David (2016), in order to participate in the highly competitive market, balance and coordination among business internalities are of great importance. The issue of increment in a clash among all levels of management causes a large damage to the company. Further, uneconomical communication flow also influences the decision making process. Biased division of responsibilities and poor organization skills affect the workplace environment. Among all other physical issues that have an impact on a business, the element of conflict among the employees and supervisors takes time to resolve and lets the rival companies take benefits out of it. Business managers involve in building up of guidelines and ethical codes to ensure that the work is carried out in a most efficient manner. Furthermore, a regular check and equal allocation of responsibilities to the workers also improves conditions in the company. An intervention of supervisors in solving issues has both positive and negative impacts on performance. It is often that more skilled workers emphasize superiority on the rest. An introduction of new technology and innovative mechanisms brings along with it a broad range of problems (Heo and Cheon 2013). Inadaptability and inflexibility of the workers to the emerging innovations gives rise to instability among the heads and lower levels of the company. Improvement of Workplace Environment With an increase in physical environment issues, industries in the world have effectively attempted to solve the problems and restore business conditions. In order to promote communication and involve employees to take an active part in decision making, the company aims to reconstruct the business framework into a simpler and transparent structure (Bourne 2016). In addition to installing new furniture and adding color in the office, managers seek expert help to develop a better attractive workspace. A Clear understanding of input sources, production processes, distribution, and marketing mix improves employee morale and trust. Furthermore, organizing new promotional schemes has proved to be fruitful for business. An equal delegation of responsibilities to operate in the confusion free environment helps to increase productivity. Recently, the policy of offering bonuses and incentives in festive seasons and at times of extraordinary performances has effectively added value in the employment chain. Providing the employees with a significant amount of free services has effectively motivated them to work towards achieving company goals. Regarding environmental conditions in business, a system of air conditioning and application of safety standards has improved problematic conditions. Organizations have led down a well-organized set of rules and regulations that safeguard the interest and also look after the wellness of the employees (McQuaid et al. 2012). The several noise control methods and eco-friendly processes have also sufficiently mitigated environmental issues. Offering of casual leaves, medical facility, and periodic heath checkups develops a sense of importance among the workers. As opined by Goetsch and Davis (2014), to promote a development of every employee, enterprises have greatly taken an interest in opting for a well-developed training facility. Skilled workers are of great value to their firms. Further, certain companies reform their mission statement and methodology in relation to the opinions of every worker. The introduction of flexible timings, work from home schemes and other interactive sessions create a more pleasant environment for work. Companies also focus on creating community groups that involve in understanding the needs and desires of the employees. Conclusion Analyzing the topic, it can be seen that physical environment incurs a considerable impact on modern business companies. The unstable relationship between the internal factors and a complex web structure greatly affects prosperity. Internal factors in an enterprise exert a large influence on interests, attitude, and performance of employees. An unhappy situation consequently leads to a downfall of the company. Heat, lighting, strategies, policies, rule, regulations and several other fluctuating factors have been contributing towards the inefficiency of a business as a whole. Looking into the various elements, it can be concluded that productivity directly relies upon the indoor conditions. Moreover, a broad discussion about the altering variables not only affects the industry but also its surroundings. Finally, it can be inferred that flexibility in the business framework and decision making of the managers plays an important role in solving the arising issues. Development of an employee friendly environment ensures an increase in delivery levels. In order to reach the peak of success, managers provide an immense support and encourage workers to perform in the best possible way. References Bourne, L., 2016.Stakeholder relationship management: a maturity model for organisational implementation. CRC Press. Bryson, A. and White, M., 2013. Human resource management practices, intrinsic motivation and employees overall attitudes.Human relations. David, F. and David, F.R., 2016. Strategic Management: A Competitive Advantage Approach, Concepts and Cases. Eden, C. and Ackermann, F., 2013.Making strategy: The journey of strategic management. Sage. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson. Hartig, T., Mitchell, R., De Vries, S. and Frumkin, H., 2014. Nature and health.Annual Review of Public Health,35, pp.207-228. Heo, M.S. and Cheon, M.J., 2013. An Empirical Study on the Relationships among Conflict between Employees, Authentic Attitude of Knowledge Creation, and Innovative Behaviors.The Knowledge Management Society of Korea,14(5), pp.47-74. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. McQuaid, R., Hollywood, E., Bond, S., Canduela, J., Richard, A. and Blackledge, G., 2012. Fit for work? Health and Wellbeing of Employees in Employee Owned Business.London: Employee Ownership Association. https://employeeownership. co. uk/download/NDE0. McShane, S.L. and Von Glinow, M.A., 2015. Organizational Behavior 7/e. Myers, M.D., 2013.Qualitative research in business and management. Sage. Naylor, J.C., Pritchard, R.D. and Ilgen, D.R., 2013.A theory of behavior in organizations. Academic Press. Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Ryu, K., Lee, H.R. and Gon Kim, W., 2012. The influence of the quality of the physical environment, food, and service on restaurant image, customer perceived value, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,24(2), pp.200-223. Wagner III, J.A. and Hollenbeck, J.R., 2014.Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Routledge. Wright, B.E., Christensen, R.K. and Isett, K.R., 2013. Motivated to adapt? The role of public service motivation as employees face organizational change.Public Administration Review,73(5), pp.738-747.

White Rat Dissection Lab Report free essay sample

The Public Meeting and Watchtower Study are often held on Sundays. The first is a 30-minute Bible-based lecture that is designed to be of interest both to members of the congregation and to visitors. The context of the bible based lecture was talking to your children about sex, the speakers started to explain how talking to your children about sex is part of your God-given responsibility as a parent then reads a passages from the bible (Ephesians 6:4). After the Bible based lecture the speaker comes off stage and someone introduces the next song from the song book to sing before covering the Watchtower, The watchtower discussion is a one-hour question-and-answer coverage of a recent article on a Bible topic published in their main religious journal, The Watchtower after reading a section of the watchtower the conductor ask one of the question after choosing someone from the audience to share their thoughts someone who is a baptized JW’s walks towards the row or seat to hand them the microphone. We will write a custom essay sample on White Rat Dissection Lab Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One particular instants’ I recall being impressed by was this little girl the speaker invited the audience to look up a passage in the Bible, I just so happened to noticed that the little girl quickly found the verse in her own Bible and attentively followed the reading. I was very much impressed how involved and attentive JW’s are regardless of age. After the service I received a welcome from almost the whole congregation it was not only most brotherly and sincere but full with feelings of warmth I was even invited to come to their service on Thursday. The Congregation Bible Study, Theocratic Ministry School and the Service Meeting are usually held on a weekday evening the one I went to was on a Thursday while there I noticed the Congregation’s Bible Study, books or brochures published by Jehovah’s Witnesses are used to direct a 25-minute question-and-answer Bible discussion. After that the 30-minute Theocratic Ministry School begins, the elder goes onto the stage ismisses the second and first school so all bible students can give their parts simultaneously, the theocratic ministry school is designed to help JW’s improve their public reading and speaking, While I was there I noticed that students receive assignments on a rotating basis. At each meeting, three students give brief speeches on preselected Bible topics, and an instructor comments on the speech. Witnesses and non-Witnesses of all ages and ethnic background can enroll in this school. The 35-minute Service Meeting focuses on helping improve JW’s ability to teach the Bible to others. Topics of discussion have included how to show good manners when approaching others with a Bible message and how to discern what Bible topics may be of interest to people in the community. In addition to these services, JW’s are encouraged to read the Bible daily and to study the Bible at home with their families. The purpose of meditating on Gods word the Bible helps you to create your own love and understanding on God’s word. On both days I went Sunday and Thursday the JW’s dressed very formal all of the men wore button up shirt tie suit with dress shoes and the women wore dresses that were very moderate and conservative, there was no class distinction nor racial exclusion just the message they conveyed based off bible principles I also noticed that the speakers never spoke loud or aggressively they spoke with just the right amount of pitch as to where I could be moved by the words without wanting to cover my ears. fter the meeting JW’s pray to conclude the service the context of the prayer would usually reference what was just lectured, may even mention someone who is sick or going through difficult times. JW’s have no clergy-laity division though there are members of the congregation who â€Å"Sheppard† the â€Å"flock† such as the elders. All baptized members are ordained ministers, and all who attend services, including children, have an opportunity to participate. Most services are led by elders, who are spiritually mature members of the faith, or by qualified assistants, who are known as ministerial servants. JW’s meet for religious services at houses of worship called Kingdom Halls. What a Kingdom Hall looks like varies from country to country. In Papua New Guinea, a Kingdom Hall is an open-air structure with a thatched roof. In Kansas, U. S. A. , it might be a renovated athletic club. In Kobe, Japan, it might be a newly constructed building. They are organized into congregations, generally each with fewer than 200 members. Congregation membership is based on geography, and most attend the Kingdom Hall closest to their home. Often, several congregations share a single Kingdom Hall by alternating meeting times. JW’s often build or renovate their own Kingdom Halls, keeping them clean and well maintained. In countries where they have experienced rapid growth or where economic conditions dont allow for construction, JW’s may rent buildings for use as Kingdom Halls. Usually a Kingdom Hall is a modest structure that has an auditorium with chairs for the audience, a speaker’s platform, a lectern, a library, and an area where members can request or pick up literature for Bible study. You wont see religious symbols such as crosses or images in a Kingdom Hall. They follow the Bible’s command â€Å"Guard yourselves from idols. † So they religious images are not a part of their worship Overall I really enjoyed my time going and defiantly consider going back