Mild Cognitive Impairment And Women Essay - 1095 Words

Name: Abhiyanta Shrestha Enrollment Number: M2016MH025 Mild Cognitive Impairment and Women in Old Age Home in Urban Mumbai: Prevalence and Patterns PART I - RESEARCH PROPOSAL a. The problem identification Older women are of special interest for me because of the fact that their numbers have outgrown rapidly in the global arena. The older population is predominantly female because women tend to live longer than men, older women outnumber older men almost everywhere. In 2013, globally, there were 85 men per 100 women in the age group 60 years or over and 61 men per 100 women in the age group 80 years or over (UN, 2013). On the other hand, one of the research indicated that the most frequent psychiatric disorders among older women were phobias, severe cognitive impairment, dysthymia, and major depressive episode without grief. Nevertheless, the rates of all these disorders, except for cognitive impairment, are lower for older than younger women. The focus of this thesis will be on one of the frequent psychiatric disorder among older women i.e. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) which is an intermediate stage between the expected cognitive decline of normal aging and the more-serious decline of dementia. It can involve problems with memory, language, thinking and judgment that are greater than normal age-related changes during old age. The condition in which people face memory problems more often than that of the average person their age. 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The Impact Of Australian Dollar On Australia s...

Over the past five years the Australian dollar has significantly dropped in value, this holds significant impact for key areas in Australia’s international growth. Looking at charts from the past 5 years compared to the past 20 years, it was easy to see that the Australian dollar is currently sitting at an average rate, whereas from 2010 to 2013 the Australian dollar was at an unusual peak Pettinger, T. (2013). The International Monetary Fund’s latest forecasts show economic growth in Australia staying under 2.5% and below global trends in 2016 before a recovery over the next two years Gurrib, I. (2012). The significant factor in slower growth is the shrinking activity in China, Australia’s biggest export destination, which means fewer†¦show more content†¦(Economics, T. (2016)) Table 1 Currency Weights (%) Chinese renminbi 26.7150 Japanese Yen 11.8869 USD 10.8137 European Euro 9.2587 South Korean Won 6.0400 Singapore Dollar 5.0235 New Zealand Dollar 4.1418 United Kingdom Pound 3.7134 Thai Baht 3.5237 Malaysian Ringgit 3.3181 Value and impact of changes to the $A Australia’s dollar value changes every hour which can have a large impact or small impact on our economy and the world economy. The dollar Impacts businesses in Australia that play an important role in the exportation of goods and importation of raw materials Pettinger, T. (2013). If the Australian dollar was too depreciate it would make exports cheaper and imports into Australia more expensive. The impact of the depreciation of the Australian dollar matter upon the elasticity of demand, If firms sell goods that are price inelastic, then the fall in their foreign price will have a relatively small increase in demand. If exports are price sensitive, then there’s a bigger percentage increase in demand (Pettinger, T. 2013). A possible problem of a depreciation in the Australian dollar is that it may cause inflation. Firms could then face costs such as greater uncertainty in inflation does result. Both demand and inflation are major causes in the value and change of the Aus tralian dollar. Australia’s International Competitiveness: International Competitiveness

Effect of Physical Environment on Organizational Behaviour

Question: Describe about the Effect of Physical Environment on Organizational Behaviour. Answer: Introduction The physical environment of a company is one of the important factors that mainly affect business performance. In recent times, managers attempt to improve conditions in the workplace. Internal elements such as poor infrastructural design, unstable operations, and many other issues significantly affect the growth of a company. Concerning a business firm`s profitability, employee efficiency and relation plays an important role. Companies focus on training and education facilities with a motive to increase labor skills. According to Wagner and Hollenbeck (2014), it is the responsibility of the management to check and create a suitable condition that safeguards the interest of the workers. Mentors greatly involve in defining and organizing the environment to best suit the workers. Further, the subject of internal surroundings and its effect on an organization`s development is a vital topic in the business world. The relationship between activities, methods used, company objectives, and the framework are an integral part of a business environment (Ryu Lee and Gon Kim 2012). The report studies various factors in a workplace and also takes into consideration the motivation and cultural trends of employees. Moreover to improve conditions, an analysis on efficient conflict solving is also included. In order to promote ideas and fulfill goals, companies aim to involve in the practice of strategy methods as well. Workplace Environment Factors With a growth of the world and business environment, there has also been a noticeable rise in internal physical factors that leads to the downfall of a company. Despite of a good pay package, employee performance depends on a list of several factors. One of the simplest methods that motivate workers is the issue of incentives and bonuses. According to McShane and Von Glinow (2015), the quality of business and a smooth flow of communication at all levels of the management influences achievements. Further, the attitude of employees towards their organization plays a major role in deciding future growth. A company is affected by an unstable relationship between the managers and staff. In order to implement proper decision making, collaboration and exchange of ideas proves to be beneficial. Some of the factors that directly affect the activities of a business are, Goal Setting: An open connection between supervisors and the employees develop company objectives. Moreover, mentors also set targets those maximize performance levels of the workers. A non-achievement of the rigid goals lowers motivation and consequently affects prosperity. Performance Feedback An upward flow of information relating to the performances of the workers leads to an excessive control by the supervisors. Alteration of the feedbacks leads to a rise of grapevine in the framework of the company. Role Congruity The organization depends on and also expects a lot from its employees. It is the responsibility of the supervisors to assign a task to the workers taking into consideration their capabilities (Naylor Pritchard and Ilgen 2013). Defined Processes In order to perform successfully, a company focuses on creating operational activities and providing necessary information to the employees. A clear understanding of the procedures increases feasibility. Managerial Support The management of a business firm involves in collecting and distributing resources among the different levels of the organizational framework to facilitate work. Further, immediate supervisors create formal and informal incentive plans that inspire workers (Wright Christensen and Isett 2013). Experts also help the needed to educate them about the use of new technologies. Job Aids According to Myers (2013), supply of templates and guides help the employees to maximize efficiency. In addition to checking errors, there arises a need for health and security schemes to gain trust and loyalty. Environmental Factors An element such as heat, power, rates and ventilation directly affect the health of the workers (Hartig et al. 2014). Increased temperature and improper lighting in industries lead to stress issues. Physical Elements The poor infrastructure and complex organizational structure constrain efficiency in the workplace. Furthermore, overcrowding and poor communication causes a downfall in performance levels. Employee Motivation According to Pinder (2014), the motivation of the employees is a much needed factor for successful operation of a company. In addition to influencing the employees, the ambition of the leaders plays a significant role in the prosperity of business. Concerning financial factors, issuing bonuses increase the productivity of the workers. An inspiring workplace includes a clear understanding of goals and objectives along with a continuous flow of communication among the top, middle and lower level management structure. The ground level employees greatly depend on their immediate mentors to help them in maximizing their skills and developing a sense of responsibility among them. Along with endangering loyalty, the top level managers use the tool of praise to motivate workers (Bryson and White 2013). Worker Culture A new person takes time to adapt to the traditions and cultures of the company. The diversification in communication patterns, colleague motives and supervisors attitudes largely influence the employment structure. Not adjusting to the prevailing trends gives rise to internal conflicts, gossips, politics and sometimes a significant amount of rumor. Additionally, a rise of the negativities in the framework also leads to an alteration in social practices and business factors that directly harm the revenue generation of the company. The intervention of superior authorities among the employees also has its adverse effects. Moreover physical environment factors add up to the internalities that influence anatomical structures. In order to gain stability and fill in differences between the employee, perception managers focus in matching the firm`s objectives with capabilities of individuals. According to Hill, Jones and Schilling (2014), a detailed study of the present issues is exercised to evaluate the degree of exposure and its effects on the business. The management in extraordinary situations involves in redesigning the workplace, employ newly designed tools and work towards a sustainability of the company environment. Effect of Physical Factors Workplace Design Over the years, the business framework has effectively made to the list of physical factors that directly affect business. The extra cost and intricate designs affect not only profitability but also the smooth functioning of a firm. A negative perception of the framework leads to decrease in productivity and high stress levels. Further, organizational design is one of the most important factors that affect employee behavior. As stated by Eden and Ackermann (2013), an appropriate workplace is comprised of a properly built workplace that best suits employees. In addition to increasing efficiency, open organization design aims to enhance the flow of mobile communication along with reducing setting up costs. As compared to conventional plans, the simple system of open plans enables employment of a vast number of workers. The firm relationship between managers and employees facilitates improvement in efficiency and performance levels. The flexible design specifically focuses on increment in morale and comfort. On the other hand, the same design also leads to a number of issues in the company. Over employment and no privacy zones are the primary problems that affect employees at work. Environmental Factors Indoor conditions in an industry mainly affect productivity of an organization. A feeling of discomfort and unhealthy internal climate directly leads to a downfall in employee activities. The increase in heat levels and improper lighting influences health standards. An issue of physical wellness and safety consequently affects flourishing of the company. Moreover, a dirty and unorganized workplace also creates a negative attitude of the workers. With an increase in innovation, members demand a visually attractive place to carry out activities. A suitable surrounding increases productivity and also motivates employees to attend work regularly. Sound problems in an industry directly harm the labors. Production processes in industrial segments give rise to a vital issue of noise pollution that only harms the external but also the internal business environment. With development in technology and use of machinery, there is a noticeable increase in stress disorders. Conflict Issues There arises a difference in the thought processes and attitudes of employees while operating as a group in an organization. A conflict in habits, approaches, and opinions slow down production process and also sometimes leads to rise in costs. As stated by David and David (2016), in order to participate in the highly competitive market, balance and coordination among business internalities are of great importance. The issue of increment in a clash among all levels of management causes a large damage to the company. Further, uneconomical communication flow also influences the decision making process. Biased division of responsibilities and poor organization skills affect the workplace environment. Among all other physical issues that have an impact on a business, the element of conflict among the employees and supervisors takes time to resolve and lets the rival companies take benefits out of it. Business managers involve in building up of guidelines and ethical codes to ensure that the work is carried out in a most efficient manner. Furthermore, a regular check and equal allocation of responsibilities to the workers also improves conditions in the company. An intervention of supervisors in solving issues has both positive and negative impacts on performance. It is often that more skilled workers emphasize superiority on the rest. An introduction of new technology and innovative mechanisms brings along with it a broad range of problems (Heo and Cheon 2013). Inadaptability and inflexibility of the workers to the emerging innovations gives rise to instability among the heads and lower levels of the company. Improvement of Workplace Environment With an increase in physical environment issues, industries in the world have effectively attempted to solve the problems and restore business conditions. In order to promote communication and involve employees to take an active part in decision making, the company aims to reconstruct the business framework into a simpler and transparent structure (Bourne 2016). In addition to installing new furniture and adding color in the office, managers seek expert help to develop a better attractive workspace. A Clear understanding of input sources, production processes, distribution, and marketing mix improves employee morale and trust. Furthermore, organizing new promotional schemes has proved to be fruitful for business. An equal delegation of responsibilities to operate in the confusion free environment helps to increase productivity. Recently, the policy of offering bonuses and incentives in festive seasons and at times of extraordinary performances has effectively added value in the employment chain. Providing the employees with a significant amount of free services has effectively motivated them to work towards achieving company goals. Regarding environmental conditions in business, a system of air conditioning and application of safety standards has improved problematic conditions. Organizations have led down a well-organized set of rules and regulations that safeguard the interest and also look after the wellness of the employees (McQuaid et al. 2012). The several noise control methods and eco-friendly processes have also sufficiently mitigated environmental issues. Offering of casual leaves, medical facility, and periodic heath checkups develops a sense of importance among the workers. As opined by Goetsch and Davis (2014), to promote a development of every employee, enterprises have greatly taken an interest in opting for a well-developed training facility. Skilled workers are of great value to their firms. Further, certain companies reform their mission statement and methodology in relation to the opinions of every worker. The introduction of flexible timings, work from home schemes and other interactive sessions create a more pleasant environment for work. Companies also focus on creating community groups that involve in understanding the needs and desires of the employees. Conclusion Analyzing the topic, it can be seen that physical environment incurs a considerable impact on modern business companies. The unstable relationship between the internal factors and a complex web structure greatly affects prosperity. Internal factors in an enterprise exert a large influence on interests, attitude, and performance of employees. An unhappy situation consequently leads to a downfall of the company. Heat, lighting, strategies, policies, rule, regulations and several other fluctuating factors have been contributing towards the inefficiency of a business as a whole. Looking into the various elements, it can be concluded that productivity directly relies upon the indoor conditions. Moreover, a broad discussion about the altering variables not only affects the industry but also its surroundings. Finally, it can be inferred that flexibility in the business framework and decision making of the managers plays an important role in solving the arising issues. Development of an employee friendly environment ensures an increase in delivery levels. In order to reach the peak of success, managers provide an immense support and encourage workers to perform in the best possible way. References Bourne, L., 2016.Stakeholder relationship management: a maturity model for organisational implementation. CRC Press. Bryson, A. and White, M., 2013. Human resource management practices, intrinsic motivation and employees overall attitudes.Human relations. David, F. and David, F.R., 2016. Strategic Management: A Competitive Advantage Approach, Concepts and Cases. Eden, C. and Ackermann, F., 2013.Making strategy: The journey of strategic management. Sage. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson. Hartig, T., Mitchell, R., De Vries, S. and Frumkin, H., 2014. Nature and health.Annual Review of Public Health,35, pp.207-228. Heo, M.S. and Cheon, M.J., 2013. An Empirical Study on the Relationships among Conflict between Employees, Authentic Attitude of Knowledge Creation, and Innovative Behaviors.The Knowledge Management Society of Korea,14(5), pp.47-74. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. McQuaid, R., Hollywood, E., Bond, S., Canduela, J., Richard, A. and Blackledge, G., 2012. Fit for work? Health and Wellbeing of Employees in Employee Owned Business.London: Employee Ownership Association. https://employeeownership. co. uk/download/NDE0. McShane, S.L. and Von Glinow, M.A., 2015. Organizational Behavior 7/e. Myers, M.D., 2013.Qualitative research in business and management. Sage. Naylor, J.C., Pritchard, R.D. and Ilgen, D.R., 2013.A theory of behavior in organizations. Academic Press. Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Ryu, K., Lee, H.R. and Gon Kim, W., 2012. The influence of the quality of the physical environment, food, and service on restaurant image, customer perceived value, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,24(2), pp.200-223. Wagner III, J.A. and Hollenbeck, J.R., 2014.Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Routledge. Wright, B.E., Christensen, R.K. and Isett, K.R., 2013. Motivated to adapt? The role of public service motivation as employees face organizational change.Public Administration Review,73(5), pp.738-747.

White Rat Dissection Lab Report free essay sample

The Public Meeting and Watchtower Study are often held on Sundays. The first is a 30-minute Bible-based lecture that is designed to be of interest both to members of the congregation and to visitors. The context of the bible based lecture was talking to your children about sex, the speakers started to explain how talking to your children about sex is part of your God-given responsibility as a parent then reads a passages from the bible (Ephesians 6:4). After the Bible based lecture the speaker comes off stage and someone introduces the next song from the song book to sing before covering the Watchtower, The watchtower discussion is a one-hour question-and-answer coverage of a recent article on a Bible topic published in their main religious journal, The Watchtower after reading a section of the watchtower the conductor ask one of the question after choosing someone from the audience to share their thoughts someone who is a baptized JW’s walks towards the row or seat to hand them the microphone. We will write a custom essay sample on White Rat Dissection Lab Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One particular instants’ I recall being impressed by was this little girl the speaker invited the audience to look up a passage in the Bible, I just so happened to noticed that the little girl quickly found the verse in her own Bible and attentively followed the reading. I was very much impressed how involved and attentive JW’s are regardless of age. After the service I received a welcome from almost the whole congregation it was not only most brotherly and sincere but full with feelings of warmth I was even invited to come to their service on Thursday. The Congregation Bible Study, Theocratic Ministry School and the Service Meeting are usually held on a weekday evening the one I went to was on a Thursday while there I noticed the Congregation’s Bible Study, books or brochures published by Jehovah’s Witnesses are used to direct a 25-minute question-and-answer Bible discussion. After that the 30-minute Theocratic Ministry School begins, the elder goes onto the stage ismisses the second and first school so all bible students can give their parts simultaneously, the theocratic ministry school is designed to help JW’s improve their public reading and speaking, While I was there I noticed that students receive assignments on a rotating basis. At each meeting, three students give brief speeches on preselected Bible topics, and an instructor comments on the speech. Witnesses and non-Witnesses of all ages and ethnic background can enroll in this school. The 35-minute Service Meeting focuses on helping improve JW’s ability to teach the Bible to others. Topics of discussion have included how to show good manners when approaching others with a Bible message and how to discern what Bible topics may be of interest to people in the community. In addition to these services, JW’s are encouraged to read the Bible daily and to study the Bible at home with their families. The purpose of meditating on Gods word the Bible helps you to create your own love and understanding on God’s word. On both days I went Sunday and Thursday the JW’s dressed very formal all of the men wore button up shirt tie suit with dress shoes and the women wore dresses that were very moderate and conservative, there was no class distinction nor racial exclusion just the message they conveyed based off bible principles I also noticed that the speakers never spoke loud or aggressively they spoke with just the right amount of pitch as to where I could be moved by the words without wanting to cover my ears. fter the meeting JW’s pray to conclude the service the context of the prayer would usually reference what was just lectured, may even mention someone who is sick or going through difficult times. JW’s have no clergy-laity division though there are members of the congregation who â€Å"Sheppard† the â€Å"flock† such as the elders. All baptized members are ordained ministers, and all who attend services, including children, have an opportunity to participate. Most services are led by elders, who are spiritually mature members of the faith, or by qualified assistants, who are known as ministerial servants. JW’s meet for religious services at houses of worship called Kingdom Halls. What a Kingdom Hall looks like varies from country to country. In Papua New Guinea, a Kingdom Hall is an open-air structure with a thatched roof. In Kansas, U. S. A. , it might be a renovated athletic club. In Kobe, Japan, it might be a newly constructed building. They are organized into congregations, generally each with fewer than 200 members. Congregation membership is based on geography, and most attend the Kingdom Hall closest to their home. Often, several congregations share a single Kingdom Hall by alternating meeting times. JW’s often build or renovate their own Kingdom Halls, keeping them clean and well maintained. In countries where they have experienced rapid growth or where economic conditions dont allow for construction, JW’s may rent buildings for use as Kingdom Halls. Usually a Kingdom Hall is a modest structure that has an auditorium with chairs for the audience, a speaker’s platform, a lectern, a library, and an area where members can request or pick up literature for Bible study. You wont see religious symbols such as crosses or images in a Kingdom Hall. They follow the Bible’s command â€Å"Guard yourselves from idols. † So they religious images are not a part of their worship Overall I really enjoyed my time going and defiantly consider going back

Mythology - Sisyphus Essays - Sisyphus, , Term Papers

Mythology - Sisyphus Sisyphus was given a punishment by the gods, to push a rock up a hill, only to have it fall down on him again. Mersault is a person accused of murder who has spent over a year in jail. What both these characters have come to realize is that they are forced to live in these situations created by the gods, therefore they might as well enjoy or get used to them. Mersault is forced to live in a cell, without his cigarettes, and with limited visitation rights. When this happens, Mersault recalls what his mother told him. She said, ?One gets used to everything.? When Mersault realizes he is not going to get out of jail, he becomes indifferent, just like he always does, and accepts his situation, searching for any positive aspects to his incarceration. He defies punishment by accepting his situation and enjoying himself in jail. Therefore, the whole point of Mersault going to jail is obliterated. When Mersault is condemned to death, he does not act surprised, although he wishes he did not have to die. After a while he also accepts that. It does not matter to him that he is dying, so long as he is dying for a purpose. Sisyphus is damned for eternity to roll a rock up a hill. If he were to view his fate decreed upon him as punishment, for the rest of forever, then he would only sicken an already terminally ill situation (speaking metaphorically of course). Sisyphus starts to find meaning in his work, starts to enjoy his work, almost to take pride in his work, like a true laborer. Mersault is like Sysiphus, in many ways. The only real notable difference is that Sisyphus has been punished by the gods, whereas Mersault does not believe in god. Mersault is indifferent to his situation, as is Sisyphus, as apparent from Camus' description. Mersault and Sisyphus both expressed a love for life (Mersault's heart jumped at the idea of being pardoned, Sisyphus is being ?punished? due to his desire to stay in the real world). And most importantly, Mersault and Sisyphus both defy their detractors. They overcome their rulers. Mersault does not do it to prove anything to anybody. He just does it because it would be pointless to act any other way. With Sisyphus he can hold his head higher than the gods now, his work has ceased to be punishment, the gods have lost, he has won. For Mersault and Sisyphus to overcome their struggles, they had to be placed in one. Their background for reaching their struggle is what makes them unique. Recalling such people with different philosophies, like the Denver Nuggets most explosive player Mahmoud-Abdul Rauf, who believes in not standing up for something he does not believe in, he has shown that by standing up for a different philosophy than most people believe in can lead to rejection and tragedy. What was special about Mersault was where his priorities lay, which made him think different from everybody else, therefore enabling the world to brand him. Mersault is the anti-Christ because he smoked and drank coffee at his mother's funeral. Sisyphus was not regarded by a society as a vile person, but he was not accepted, he did not have interaction with them. These odd situations placed them both in struggles for their un-redeemable acts. Mersault converses with the warden to discover that ?prison deprives one of freedom." He understands that incarceration is punishment, just as Sisyphus did. They both move on to view their positions from a different perspective. Sisyphus moves from his position of sadness, to a position of happiness, mainly, in my view, to defy the gods, therefore it is not true happiness just defiance. He ?...obeys fate without knowing it,? as Oedipus did. Similarly Mersault accepts his imprisonment with the same kind of indifference that he takes everything else. Mersault, in fact, makes his own freedom by hanging on to his memories, he overcomes imprisonment, because he really is not imprisoned anymore. Mersault can be considered a real world interpretation of Sisyphus, only a lot different and emotionless. Mersault has never really expressed a desire for anything, whereas Sisyphus'

Most Popular World Religions

Most Popular World Religions While there are and have been hundreds of religions and spiritual beliefs across the globe the major faiths practiced by the majority of people on Earth can be broken down into a few major groups. Even within these groups different sects and types of religious  practices exist. Southern Baptists  and Roman Catholics are both considered Christian even though their  religious practices differ greatly.   Abrahamic  Religions Three of the worlds most dominant religions are considered to be the Abrahamic religions. They are named such because of each claiming descent from the ancient Israelites  and follow the God of Abraham. In order of founding the Abrahamic religions are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.   Most Popular Religious   Christianity:  with 2,116,909,552  members (which includes 1,117,759,185 Roman Catholics, 372,586,395 Protestants, 221,746,920 Orthodox, and 81,865,869 Anglicans). Christians make up almost thirty percent of the global population. The religion arose from Judaism in the first century. Its followers believe Jesus Christ was the son of God and the Messhia for told of in the Old Testament. There are three major sects of Christianity: Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Protestantism.  Islam:  with 1,282,780,149 members worldwide believers of Islam are referred to as Muslims. While Islam is very popular in the Middle East one does not need to be Arabic to be Muslim. The largest Muslim nation is actually Indonesia. Followers of Islam believe that there is only one God (Allah) and Mohamed is his last messenger. Contrary to media portrayals Islam is not a violent religion. There are two primary sects of Islam, Sunni, and Shia.  Ã‚  Hinduism: There are 856,690,863 Hindus in th e world. It is one of the oldest religions and is practiced mostly in India and South East Asia. Some consider Hinduism to be a religion while others view it as a spiritual practice or way of life. A prominent belief in Hinduism is the belief in Purusartha  or the object of human pursuit. The four  Purusarthas  are dharma (righteousness), Artha (prosperity), kama (love) and moksa (liberation).   Buddism: Has 381,610,979 followers worldwide. Like Hinduism, Buddhism is another religion that can also be a spiritual practice. It also originates from India. Buddism shares the Hindu believe in dharma. There are three branches of Buddism: Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana. Many Buddist seeks enlightenment or liberation from suffering.  Sikh: this Indian religion has 25,139,912 which is impressive because it doesnt generally seek converts. A seek is defined as one who any human being who faithfully believes in One Immortal Being; ten Gurus, from Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh; Guru Granth Sahib; the teachings of the ten Gurus and the baptism bequeathed by the tenth Guru. Because this religion has strong ethnic ties, some see it as more of an ethnicity than simply a religion.  Judaism:  is the smallest of the Abrahamic religions with  14,826,102 members. Like Sikhs, they are also an ethnoreligious group. Followers of Judaism are known as Jews. There are many different branc hes of Judaism, but the most popular ones are currently: Orthodox, Reform, and Conservative.   Other Beliefs:  While most of the world follows one of the several religions 814,146,396 people believe in smaller religions. 801,898,746 consider themselves to be non-religious and 152,128,701 are an atheist who does not believe in any form of Higher being.

Informal Objective Summaries Ethics, the Cold War, Vietnam Essay

Informal Objective Summaries Ethics, the Cold War, Vietnam - Essay Example He asserts that Christians should pray and have faith and hope of winning. He goes further to explain that this is because we are the cause of war. He claims that it is the hatred in our own selves that makes us to fight. We fight because our hatred is so big that we cannot note, but see the little hatred in others. We use others as scapegoats and invest all our evil in them and, therefore, think that once we fight these scapegoats we will be liberated. However, deep in the article, Morton gets into the social cultural perspective and condemns the society for its failures in protecting those who had good intentions for the society. He says that the society instead criticizes them for their failures in some cases blaming them for the happenings. He says the power of God can be the solution since as much as we do not trust in one another we all trust in Gods being and we should not condemn but love all carefully (Merton, 1962). Roy Arundhat argues from social/ cultural perspective. â⠂¬Å"Drinking wine and preaching water†, a phrase commonly used to refer to hypocritical acts, is what Arundhat Roy indirectly meant by saying girls are boys and boys are girls in reference to America particularly the war with Iraq and the Taliban terrorists. This is particularly because before the war, the then American president said America was a peaceful country that had its own fundamental values and could not accept evil, violence, and murderers. Roy’s argument here is that, if for real America rejected violence, war, and evil they should have not gone to wars in the first place for war is an act of all. He goes further to list the other twenty nations that America has been involved in war with since world war two to emphasize this. Roy pinpoints some of the reasons why he opposes the war by fast saying that acts of terrorism should be condemned including the September 11th bombing. However, he notes that the methods used to respond (attacking the Taliban) in Iraq and hurting thousands of innocent people including women and children was not right. Roy point out that this has adversely affected the world’s economic status beginning with the instability of many countries economy because of the oil from the middle east which was affected by the war (Iraq) (Arundhat, 2001). Model of excellence or perfection of a kind; one having no equal or one who has been declared so (Saint) by canonization are the simple definitions or what we think of once we hear a person be referred to as a Saint. A peacemaker can be compared to a saint. He should be compared to a saint because of taking the risk to ensure that people live in harmony. Peacemaking is not an easy act and sometimes one has to create peace by ignoring what a war can do to him or her. In this context, we can use the example of Thomas Merton who gave an example of those who have good intentions for the society, but if they fail, they are condemned. Therefore, a peacemaker takes the risk de spite knowing the risks in case of failure and stands in to see a good course for the society. Secondly, a peacemaker should be compared to a saint since every war is different or special in its own right and brings different challenges that must be overcome by a peacemaker. This is a role that can be played by a few people because of the risks and dangers involved in it. Therefore, one who stands in as a peacemaker does something extra ordinary (has no equal) or special,

PALETIVE CARE FOR LUNGS CANSER PATIENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

PALETIVE CARE FOR LUNGS CANSER PATIENT - Essay Example â€Å"Bronchogenic carcinoma is a major cause of mortality world-wide and the survival rate has not improved significantly in the last 20 years. Over 150000 new cases of lung cancer are diagnosed in Europe every year but less than 10 percent are cured†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Doyle, Hanks , Cherny, and Calman, K., 2005) The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage. (Morrow, 2009). It is an experience and assessment is difficult. There is no simple definition for palliative care also, and the definition based on the World Health Organization states â€Å"A Palliative care is care that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing life-threatening illness. With palliative care particular attention is given to the prevention, assessment, and treatment of pain and other symptoms, and to the provision of psychological, spiritual and  emotional support.† (Avert, 2010) Due to lack of effective surgical and medical cure especially for the lung tumors, the importance of palliative cure in this area has significantly increased. In the disease management of lung cancer major surgery is rarely justified for palliation. â€Å"The National Council for Hospice and Specialist Palliative Care Services (1997) has defined psychosocial care as concerned with the psychological and emotional well being of the patient and their family/carers, including issues of self-esteem, insight into an adaptation to the illness and its consequences, communication, social functioning and relationships.† (Jeffrey, 2003, p.1) Palliative care for the patients who are at the verge of death has several dimensions to it apart from the pain associated with the disease. Understanding these following factors is very important as the entire gamut of the care hinges on appreciating the complexities of these factors, as the issue is not

Human Genetics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Genetics - Essay Example The proponents of human genetic engineering argue that the process leads to higher resistance of the body towards diseases and that it does not lead to the production of identical genetic make-up of the body as argued by the opponents (Barnet and Bedau 515). I support the opponents of human genetic engineering who argue that the engineering of human genetics leads to high risks of acquiring diseases, low adaptability of the body to changes, and decreased evolution (Powell 3). This paper will argue for and against human genetic engineering using the opposing viewpoints of various researchers. According to Powell, â€Å"the procedure maintains the diverse nature of genotypes and phenotypes in the body of the clone (40).† The clone is the human being who is a result of the genetic engineering process. The supporters argue that phenotypes, which are produced by genotypes, endure in the environment independently meaning that they do not develop identically (Palvokacs, Kinnison, Correa, Dalton and Hendry 6). This means that the phenotype of the clone and the real person are not identical and it also indicates that they are diverse and can adapt to various environments. The supporters of genetic engineering also argue that organelles such as the nucleus and the mitochondria that exist in the body cells contain their own DNA that is different from that of other parts (Powell 5). The proponents also use the adaptive and neutral genetic variation of the nucleus to found their argument. The nucleus evolves in these two processes meaning that it adapts to new environments besides adopting traits from the host body. This means that these organelles undergo mutation that enables them to become resistant to diseases in their new environment. Therefore, according to the proponents of genetic engineering, the process leads to the

Case Study of European Budget Airlines

Case Study of European Budget Airlines Ryanair is one of the leading airline companies of Europe. This airline company is known for its low cost and high quality service. It operates more than 1,400 flights per day from 44 bases and 1100+ low fare routes across 27 countries, connecting 160 destinations (Ryanair-a, n.d.). This paper endeavours to analyse Ryanair, with special emphasis on situation analysis, decision making, planning and controlling process, leadership and organisational structure. This paper will conclude with some plausible recommendations on future growth and progress. Situational Analysis SWOT is a very helpful management tool for analysing the situation of a company. Ryanair was established in 1985, and despite its shortcomings it established a strong position in the market. Strengths Ryanair has developed a strong brand name in airline industry as a low cost service provider. Ryanair has been in the airline company since the last 25 years and has gained sufficient experience in it. Ryanair has developed its internet facilities and has made it an important selling point. This helps the company to eliminate the costs of agents. Ryanairs fleet includes aircrafts with high sitting capacity and low maintenance cost. Ryanairs services performance is of high standard with punctual fleet timing. Weakness To save cost, Ryanair charges its passengers for services like refreshments, wheelchair etc. It creates very impression among passengers about the company. It is not a preferred airline with the high class passengers. Opportunities The European Union market is expanding with time and most of the passengers prefer low fare for their air travel. Regions like North America and Asia have greater scope for low cost provider like Ryanair. Threats The existing airline companies are following strategies that lower the cost and hence competition within the industry is increasing with time. The oil market is a major supplier to airline business. In recent years, price of oil has increased significantly. The customers are becoming very price and service sensitive. Porters 5 Forces The bargaining power of suppliers is very high as the number of aircraft manufacturer and oil suppliers are very less in the market. Availability of proper airports is also very important for this industry. However, airports bargaining power is quite low as they depend on aircraft companies. The bargaining power of customers is very high as they have many airline service providers to choose from. The barrier entry of airline industry is quite high as it requires heavy investments and technical expertise. Airline is the fastest mode of transportation for overseas and long distance travel. No other substitute can match the service of airline industry. Competition among existing rival is the most import factor in this industry. The rivals are competing with each other for increasing their market share. In European Union, Lufthansa, Ryanair, Easy jet etc are leading airline companies. 3. Decision Making 3.1. Decision Making Process in Ryanair Ryanair provides low cost and high quality airline services to its customers. It places customer satisfaction above all other priorities. The decision making process is primarily centred on concerns regarding ways to provide higher customer services. Fleet planning, airline fare, fleet scheduling etc are some of the chief aspects of Ryanairs effective decision making process. 3.2. Decision Making Approach Decision making approach can be defined as strategic approached of an organisation. Ryanairs management team aims to follow rational decision making approach. The rational decision making approach is an ongoing and dynamic process. This approach helps to identify the underlying problems and to find relevant solutions (Kroon, 1995 p.187). For example, in 2004, when the company was passing through a financial crisis, rational decision making approach not only helped it to overcome it but also paved the path of growth. 3.3. Types of Problems and Decisions Making In Ryanair In 2004, Ryanair was one of the worst performers in FTSE Eurotop 300 index. During that period, competition in airline industry was very high in the European nations as many new companies entered the market. Despite the stiff competition, the company enjoyed a healthy growth rate till 2003. But the managements inability to understand and rectify the inherent weakness of its decision making process stunted its growth. 3.4. Decision-Making Conditions in Ryanair While framing the strategic move for any decision making process; Ryanairs first priority will be to analyse the elements of external competition. The European airline industry is crowded with many leading companies like Lufthansa, Virgin, Aer Lingus, and British Airway etc. Consumers needs are also very important for Ryanairs decision-making. Prior to 2003, the companys concern for customer service was very low, except the low fare advantages. 3.5. Decision-Making Styles The decision making style of Ryanairs management team seems to be affected by different factors. However, the decision making methods are quite flexible. After analysing its rapid growth during 2002-2003, it can be claimed that it focuses on short term objective rather than long term goals. Creativity is another major feature of its decision making style. 3.6. Decision- Making Biases and Errors Ryanairs temporary fall during 2004 brought into fore many drawbacks of its decision making process. Robbins has identified some unexplained prejudices and errors of decision making like biases relating to overconfidence, anchoring, confirmation, availability, escalation of commitment etc (Robbins, 2009, p.126). Ryanairs decision was affected by two major biases i.e. anchoring biases and status quo biasness. Its decision making was based on the past success that failed to take in to account unfavourable macro-economic conditions resulting from 9/11 attack on WTC. 4. Planning 4.1Vision and Mission Statement Vision and mission statements help an organisation to prepare a roadmap for its operational activities. Ryanairs official website does not have the vision and mission statement of the company. However, the public statements of Michael OLeary and other higher executive member of Ryanair indicate that it aims to achieve growth and success by being the lowest cost provider in airline industry (Box and Kent, 2007). 4.2. Purposes of Planning In general, the purpose of planning is to bring effectiveness and efficiency in the operational activities of a business. The implied mission and vision of Ryanairs clearly states its purposes of planning. To counter the increasing competition, the company has decided to follow low cost strategy. Hence, its planning is designed after taking into consideration this objective. 4.3 Planning And Performances in Ryanair According to Riezebos, planning is a very crucial element of operational activity that affects the performance level (Riezebos, 2001, p.12). Planning is one of the major tools of motivating participants to achieve the common organisational goal. Due to rational decision making approach, the company is able to plan its operational and strategic activities properly. Ryanair is able to achieve its target with the help of an efficient planning process. 4.4 Types of Goals in Ryanair The primary goal of Ryanair is to become the lowest cost airline service provider in Europe. The idea of offering low fare proved successful for the company. However, initially it failed to understand the necessity of good service for customer. Currently, the company is committed to provide lower fare, high quality service and punctual air schedule (Ryanair-b, n.d.). 4.5 Types of Plans in Ryanair Ryanairs decision making process follows rational approach and it also follows rational model for its planning process. Basically, planning can be divided as short term goal and long term goal. The companys management team was concerned only with the short term goal. The company often changes its plan as per the requirements of the market. In 2002, the companys plan was to provide low cost fare and after 2004, its planning process also took note of service quality. 4.6 Contingency Factors in Planning Ryanair faces three major contingency factors. Firstly, the organisational level affects the operational planning of middle and low level managers. Secondly, the uncertainty of macro-environmental or other external factors affects the planning process. Therefore, Ryanair aims to develop a flexible planning system. Thirdly, the long and short term objectives of Ryanair affect its planning process. The company always tries to concentrate on its current objective. 4.7 Objectives The primary objective of Ryanair is to attain cost leadership in European airline market. However, to achieve this objective, the company needs to concentrate on other long term goal. These include increasing its operational activities to enter new markets like North America, developing customer centred business model and increasing the use of internet as a major selling point (OCuilleanain et al, 2004). 4.8 Management by Objectives (MBO) Management by objective (MBO) approach of management leads to increase in the performance of organisation. MBO is a result-oriented, non-specialized managerial process for the effective utilization of organisational resources by integrating individuals with the organisation and the organisation with the environment (Goyal, 2005, p.304). During 2004, in order to overcome its crisis situation, the company introduced MBO approach to improve its performance. 4.9 Strategic Management Process Ryanairs strategic management process is based on its objective of achieving cost leadership in European airline industry. The company has improved its positioning by implementing proper strategic management process. The key elements of its strategic management include low fares, high frequency of point-to-point flight within short routes, proper route choice, reduction in operating cost, increase the internet use for selling, maintenance of safely and high quality service etc (OCuilleanain et al, 2004) 5. Organising 5.1 Organisation Structure and Design: Proper organisational structure and design helps to develop efficient management performance. There are four elements of organisation structure and these are departmentalisation, span of control, centralization and formalization. Appendix 1 depicts the organisation structure of Ryanair. Michael OLeary is the CEO of the company and there are seven Directors and a Chairman. For each department like customer services, finance, HR etc, there are individual head management personnel having a team. 5.2 Chain of Command The Chain of command in Ryanair is based on its organisational structure. The appendix 1 portrays that the CEO is the chief person of command of the organisation. However, the decision making process in Ryanair includes all the senior managers of each department. To maintain high level of transparency and to develop two-way communication system in cross functional departments, the chain of command is very essential. 5.3 Span of Control The span of control in Ryanair is effective and helps to maintain a sound organisational growth. The span of control of the CEO Michael OLeary is the highest and most effective. As per appendix 1, the entire department is required to report on the ongoing activities to the CEO. The CEO along with the Directors and Chairman is responsible for making the final decisions of the organisation. However, for better planning and implementation, the employees should be involved in the decision making process. 5.4 Centralization and Decentralization The decision of centralization or decentralization depends on the nature and expansion of business. Ryanair is a multinational company having different units in European countries and North America. For the airline industry, decentralization is more preferred over centralization. However, Ryanair follows a centralized organisational model. Decentralization of organisation will help it to compete with the major competitors of different markets. 5.5 Mechanistic and Organic organization The mechanistic organisations are those having a well defined hierarchy. Ryanair has a centralized organisational structure and it is an example of mechanistic organisation. Appendix 2 shows the major difference between the mechanistic and organic organisation. The company has been very strict in maintaining its relationship with the employees. However, such organisational structure of Ryanair creates biases and errors in decision making process. 5.6 Contingency Factors There are many factors that affect the organisational structure of a company. The industry trend, the growth structure, the social and demographic characteristics of employee customers and vision and mission of the company etc are the major contingency factors that help in designing the organisational structure. The leadership quality of the higher management also affects the organisational structure. The organisational structure of Ryanair is also affected by external competition and its leadership style. 5.7 Job Characteristics Model One of the primary objectives of Ryanair is to provide high customer services and in this respect the employees are the most important resource. In order to enrich the quality of job, the company motivates its employees to achieve the common organisational goal i.e. growth. The company aim to offer competitive salaries with excellent benefits that are simple and easy to understand (Ryanair-c, n.d.). 6. Leadership The leadership style is an important influencing factor organisational growth and success. The major leadership skills of Ryanairs management focus on the low cost fare for airline. The fleet of Ryanair includes single-class aircraft that increases the seating capacity. However, the leadership skills of Ryanair have led to its success of 2002-2003 and failure of 2004. The leadership in Ryanair strives to focus on position, seniority and authority. Control 7.1 Control Process The control process is the key element for Ryanair as it wants to achieve the lowest cost leadership. In order to facilitate effective and efficient control system, employees must be properly organized. Ryanair has developed proper system for regulating the control process by managing its employees. 7.2 Types of Control Ryanair strategic moves and policies control various aspect of the organisation. Firstly, cost controlling activity is the major criteria for low cost fare airline and it includes labour cost, marketing cost, airport charges. It also reduces the service cost by controlling many activities. For example, in 2003, it did not offer meals of refreshments to passengers who faced delays (O Higgins, 2004,). 7.3 Managerial Approaches to Implement Controls Ryanairs management team approach for implementation of control, strives to bring down the financial expenses. However, proper organisation culture and operational activities are also very important to improve its service qualities. Fleet control and market control are necessary for achieving the competitive strategy. The market control managerial approach of Ryanair involves the comparison of profit and expenses with that of its competitors. 7.4 Management Information System For establishing better management system, Ryanair has brought technological advancement in its organisations non-operational activities. For example, it has developed its website for using it as a major selling point. The increasing use of internet has made the managerial activity more efficient. At present, the company is aiming to achieve 100% internet ticket booking. Contingency Factors in Control Like the decision making process, controlling activity of an organisation is affected by uncertainty of macro-economic factors and the cultural and social characteristics of employees. In the airline industry, the major contingency factor is the competition and conflicts related to organisational objectives. Ryanairs management aims to avoid these contingencies factors related to employees by rewarding them for their efforts. 7.6 Corporate Governance Ryanair is listed on London and Irish Stock Exchanges in Europe. The company is responsible for following proper business ethics and compliance as per the corporate governance. The entire management teams including the Directors and CEO are committed to maintain the standard corporate governance. Its business policy clearly defines the role of Directors and other members in meeting its corporate responsibility. Balanced Scorecard Balanced score card is the most popular management tool used by organisations. Ryanairs strategic management system can be explained with balanced score card. To bring efficiency in its operational activities, Ryanair concentrates of four major areas i.e. finance, customer, business process and learning and growth. 8.1 Benchmarking To achieve the objective of becoming the lowest cost provider in the European airline industry, Ryanair has set its benchmark for cost controlling activities. At present, it is the lowest cost provider in the industry and hence, it has developed its own benchmark. For example, in 2003, the company reduced its cost for wheelchairs services by bringing a third party wheelchair suppliers who charged passengers for supplying wheelchairs. 8.2 Value Chain The value chain of the company strives to provide the lowest fare possible. Appendix 4 portrays the value chain which includes other important aspects of the airline industry. To develop a cost effective operational process, the company has combined its balanced score card, benchmarking and value chain. RECOMMENDATIONS To ensure success, Ryanair must bring some changes in its management and business model. Some of the useful recommendations are given below. It must focus on its services to meet the passengers minimum expectation. The company should include the employees in the decision making process. As many other rivals are also following low cost strategy, Ryanair can bring certain innovations in its service process. Internal communication should be encouraged for better transparency and motivation. It should develop its public image by increasing corporate social activities. For maintaining low cost fare, it should emphasise on the financial aspects. 10. Reference Box, T. M. and Kent, B. 2007. Ryanair (2005): Successful Low Cost Leadership. [Online]. Available at: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5452/is_200705/ai_n21289700/pg_2/. [Accessed on November 03, 2010]. Goyal, R. C. 2005. Hospital Administration and Human Resource Management. 4th Edition. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Hellriegel, D. and Slocum, J. W. 2007. Organizational behaviour. 11th Edition. Cengage Learning. Kroon, J. 1995. General Management. 2nd Edition. Pearson South Africa. OCuilleanain, E. S. et al, 2004. Ryanair Plc. [Pdf]. Available at: http://dev.ulb.ac.be/cours/alle/PDF/BuspPresRyanair04.pdf. [Accessed on November 03, 2010]. O Higgins, E, 2004, Case Study Ryanair. Riezebos, 2001. Design of a period batch control planning system for cellular manufacturing. University of Groningen. Robbins, S. P. 2009. Organisational behaviour: global and Southern African perspectives. 2nd Edition. Pearson South Africa. Ryanair-a. No Date. About Us: History of Ryanair. [Online]. Available at: http://www.ryanair.com/en/about. [Accessed on November 03, 2010]. Ryanair-b. No date. About Us: Passenger Charter. [Online]. Available at: http://www.ryanair.com/en/about/passenger-charter. [Accessed on November 03, 2010]. Ryanair-c. No date. Careers. [Online]. Available at: http://www.ryanair.com/en/careers/working-for-ryanair. [Accessed on November 03, 2010]. The Official Board. September 15, 2010. Ryanair. [Online]. Available at: http://www.theofficialboard.com/org-chart/ryanair-holdings. [Accessed on November 03, 2010]. The Performance Institute. 2009. Balanced Scorecard. [Online]. Available at: http://www.performanceweb.org/events/training/program-performance/sub7/. [Accessed on November 03, 2010]. Jack Baskin School of Engineering. No date. Airline Industry Analysis. [Ppt]. Available at: http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/classes/ism158/Winter03/istcch04.ppt. [Accessed on November 03, 2010].

After Goodnight Mister Tom Creative Writing

Thick clouds of smoke and ash billowed from the chimneys of every factory as far as the eye could see. The factories all looked the same, tall grey box-like structures erected from the ground. There was no color here. No happiness. It had been 7 years since last came to the city. I never wanted to come back, thought the memories would be too painful, but Mr.. Tom made me come. He said it would be good for me to get over my past. As I looked around, I remembered back to when the station was full of soldiers going off to the war. The bombing had clearly taken its toll on the city.It had been nearly a year since the end of the war and many factories were still damaged. Had become so accustom to the country life that I forgot what the city was like, what is smelled like, what it tasted like. I never thought would be returning to the city where so many bad memories took place. I walked down the station platform to a bench, the same bench where I found my mother that last time I arrived he re, it looked to be the very same bench, even after all these years. The city had changed so much, it seemed to be the only thing that hadn't, and everything was much more boring and plain. Liked down the street looking at all the factories and buildings. The further walked the smaller the buildings became, until they were just houses on the outskirts of the city. I turned down the street of where I used to stay. I stopped outside an old house. My house. This is where was abused, told I was useless and that nobody cares for me, this is where my mother left me. I never lived here, it was only a home in which I slept and ate. To me, my home is, and always will be, in Little Weirdo. As the sky began to darken, the autumn leaves glowed a bright orange in the twilight. A red overlay covered the city.The sun a rich red and clouds a bright pink. I turned away and started to look for a place to sleep, an inn. As the last light faded, the sky became a dark blue, the stars twinkling in the ni ght sky and the cool night air whistling in through the open window. I sat down my things in the room and laid on the bed. Tomorrow I will go visit the rest of London, to see what has changed, or what hasn't. I will visit the school where used to go, maybe it's still open. Maybe it's not even there, blown up like the rest of the buildings seemed to be. Darkness overcame me and heaviness filled my eyelids, the strength to hold them open had long left me.

The References

1. Describe the different between internal and external costumer. Internal customer was staffing that work to marketing the product by one organization or firm. In the other words, internal customers can are any persons who either works for an organization and sever people that are note employed by organization. External customers on the other hand are was one who not working for organization or firm. External customers can be explained as those which requires product serve a purpose. 2. What are the components and activities associated with the complaint resolution process? 3.Describe some potential pitfalls of customer-driven quality. Can you think of any ways to avoid or lessen the impact of these potential pitfalls? Customer-Driven Quality represent a proactive approach to satisfying customer needs that base on gathering data about customer to learn their needs and preferences and then providing products or services that satisfy customers. Figure 5-1 presents a model of reactive customer-driven quality. This model shows that when quality is reactive, rather than planned, customer expectations increase at a faster rate than supplier performance.Firm quality performance in increasing while customer expectation also increasing. The firm will be in reactive mode when customer expectation increasing at a faster rate than supplier performance. At the point where these trends cross, customer dissatisfaction increases. 4. Describe the basic idea behind a focus group. Are focuses grouping an effective way of gathering data about customer preference and taste? The basic idea behind a focus group as actively solicited customer feedback. What is the basic idea behind a focus group?Are focus groups an effective way of gathering data about customer preferences and tastes? †    It defines a focus group as â€Å"actively solicited customer feedback. †    They gather â€Å"customers and solicit their ideas and reactions to products or concepts. They also a ddress a selection of individuals with similar characteristics. Their steps are: to Identify Purpose, narrow scope of questions, select target population, develop questions, run multiple groups and Summarize and develop common themes. 5. Describe the difference actively solicited customer feedback and passively solicited customer feedback.Which type of feedback result in a lower rating of quality? Explain why. References http://wiki. answers. com/Q/Explain_the_difference_between_internal_and_external_customers http://www. google. com. my/url? sa=t&rct=j&q=describe%20some%20of%20the%20potential%20pitfalls%20of%20customer%20driven%20quality&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CC4QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fskellogg. sdsmt. edu%2FENGM620%2FSolutions%2FSolutions_4. doc&ei=bjRTUf7rMoisrAew_oCADQ&usg=AFQjCNH_0Z_LhPY_eV6VPDa6L0hQbxgjKg&bvm=bv. 44342787,d. bmk

Free Essays on Communication Process

Abstract To be able to compete in a growing world economy, we as current and future mangers need to embrace diversity and it’s impact in our professional live. Diversity in the work environment will expose all of us in contact with other people of different vastly backgrounds. We all have the need to develop new skills and the understanding of other cultures to be able to compete within the workforce. Building a workforce through diversity has become part of the mainstream strategy for many companies. Working in teams in both the work environment and academia are a critical new aspect of our ever-changing world. Work groups are becoming more and more diverse and it is becoming increasingly important for business organizations to embrace diversity as well as to understand and manage it. The perspectives of working together successfully requires team members to meet the challenge of learning to effectively communicate and develop together for a common goal. Communication Process The communication process in the workplace can range from simplex to complex. Simplex communication can be as simple as asking for a status of the a project, to the very complex assignment of explaining the five year strategic plan that would include economic and competitive advantages. How we communicate and how we receive communication has and will continue to have a direct and guiding effect on our careers as managers. Most managers in the workplace find that the most important factor in employee promote-ability would be effective communication. With this in mind it is strange to see that many managers and employees within organizations lack effective communication skills. In my opinion, I have found that effective communication to be a very serious problem in many AT&T organizations. Many managers are not aware of the communication importance and their lack of mastery of this skill. Employers in the organizations of today... Free Essays on Communication Process Free Essays on Communication Process Communication Process In many ways, the history of human civilization chronicles the increasing centrality of communication. Communication establishes relationships and makes human organization and cooperation possible. Whether you recognize it or not, you have no choice but to communicate. If you try to avoid communicating by not replying to messages, you are nevertheless sending a message, but it may not be the one you want or intend. When you don’t say yes, you may be saying no by default- and vice versa. The only choice you can make about communication is whether you are going to attempt to communicate effectively. Communication is complex Communication is a complex process in which many possibilities for error exist. Since World War II, we have become increasingly aware that many of our problems in our personal and professional relationships result from poor communication. Nevertheless, because we spend so much of our time communicating, we tend to assume that we are experts. Surveys indicate that when business professionals are asked to rate their communication skills, virtually everyone overestimates his or her abilities as a communicator. When we have problems understanding or making ourselves understood, the natural tendency is to blame the other person (or persons). Effective communication Effective communication begins with a recognition that not everyone experiences the world in the same way and that other’s views may be as correct- perhaps even more correct- than our own. We create internal, mental maps of reality based on our experiences. When we communicate, whether nonverbally through gestures and actions or verbally through language, we do so based on our mental maps. If I were to tell you, for example, that Coke tastes better than Pepsi, I would not have actually said anything about either Coke or Pepsi. Instead, I would have told you something about my subjective experience- the mental map I have cr... Free Essays on Communication Process Abstract To be able to compete in a growing world economy, we as current and future mangers need to embrace diversity and it’s impact in our professional live. Diversity in the work environment will expose all of us in contact with other people of different vastly backgrounds. We all have the need to develop new skills and the understanding of other cultures to be able to compete within the workforce. Building a workforce through diversity has become part of the mainstream strategy for many companies. Working in teams in both the work environment and academia are a critical new aspect of our ever-changing world. Work groups are becoming more and more diverse and it is becoming increasingly important for business organizations to embrace diversity as well as to understand and manage it. The perspectives of working together successfully requires team members to meet the challenge of learning to effectively communicate and develop together for a common goal. Communication Process The communication process in the workplace can range from simplex to complex. Simplex communication can be as simple as asking for a status of the a project, to the very complex assignment of explaining the five year strategic plan that would include economic and competitive advantages. How we communicate and how we receive communication has and will continue to have a direct and guiding effect on our careers as managers. Most managers in the workplace find that the most important factor in employee promote-ability would be effective communication. With this in mind it is strange to see that many managers and employees within organizations lack effective communication skills. In my opinion, I have found that effective communication to be a very serious problem in many AT&T organizations. Many managers are not aware of the communication importance and their lack of mastery of this skill. Employers in the organizations of today...

Winter Weather Terminologies

Winter Weather Terminologies The terms winter storms and snowstorms may mean roughly the same thing, but mention a word like blizzard, and it conveys so much more than just a storm with snow. Heres a look at the flurry of winter weather terms you may hear in your forecast, and what each means.   Blizzards Blizzards are dangerous winter storms whose blowing snow and high winds lead to low visibility and white out conditions. While heavy snowfall often occurs with blizzards it isnt needed. In fact, if strong winds pick up snow thats already fallen this would be considered as a blizzard (a ground blizzard to be exact.) In order to be considered a blizzard, a snowstorm must have: heavy snow OR blowing snow, winds of 35 mph or more, and a visibility of 1/4 mile or less, all lasting for at least 3 hours. Ice Storms Another type of dangerous winter storm is the ice storm. Because the weight of ice (freezing rain and sleet) can down trees and power lines, it doesnt take much of it to paralyze a city. Accumulations of just 0.25 inches to 0.5 inches are considered to be significant, with accumulations over 0.5 inches considered as crippling. (Just 0.5 inches of ice on power lines can add up to 500 pounds of extra weight!) Ice storms are also extremely dangerous to motorists and pedestrians. Bridges and overpasses are especially dangerous when traveling since they freeze before other surfaces. Lake Effect Snow Lake effect snow occurs when cold, dry air moves across a large warm body of water (such as one of the Great Lakes) and picks up moisture and heat. Lake effect snow is known for producing heavy bursts of snow showers known as snow squalls, which drop several inches of snowfall per hour. Noreasters Named for their winds which blow from the northeast, noreasters are low pressure systems that bring heavy rain and snow to the East Coast of North America. Although a true noreaster can occur any time of the year, theyre most fierce in the winter and spring and can often be so strong that they trigger blizzards and thundersnow. How hard is it snowing? Like rainfall, there are a number of terms used to describe snowfall depending on how fast or intensely it is falling. These include: Snow Flurries: Flurries are defined as light snow falling for a short duration. They can also be tiny snowflakes falling for longer periods of time. The most accumulation that can be expected is a light dusting of snow.Snow Showers: When snow is falling at varying intensities for brief periods of time, we call it snow showers. Some accumulation is possible, but not guaranteed.Snow Squalls: Often, brief but intense snow showers will be accompanied by strong, gusty winds. These are referred to as snow squalls. Accumulation may be significant.Blowing Snow: Blowing snow is another winter hazard. High wind speeds can blow falling snow into almost horizontal bands. In addition, lighter snows on the ground may be picked up and redistributed by the wind causing reduced visibility, white out conditions, and snow drifts. Edited by Tiffany Means

The environment of Knight Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The environment of Knight - Scholarship Essay Example The use of vivid language candidly and comprehensively illuminates the essay by helping the reader form a mental image of the environment that Knight lives in thus making the narration more fascinating and introspective. It makes the story iridescent and enthralling.Knight endeavors to augment his essay by overly using specific examples from her experiences to irradiate the depressing obliviousness and signs desecration that subsists in the contemporary American society. She uses the instances where police rightly accepted $200 fines for hunters who had ostensibly violated laws and when two rabbit hunters walked into Knight’s land and claimed that they have hunted the grounds for years without being caught or probed.I effusively concur with Knight’s assertion that signs are not effective in controlling offenders particularly hunters. There are many conspicuous signs that have been placed to guard and guide conduct but are perfectly disregarded as though they never exist ed. It is common to find signs such as â€Å"NO PARKING† but people haphazardly park in front of or under the sign. People’s intention to harm others and the predominant insidiousness is prodigious and placing signs has proven futile.

Ancient Greek Sculpture and the American Cinema Essay

Ancient Greek Sculpture and the American Cinema - Essay Example Sculptures of the Archaic Greek period are characterized by one form in particular: the standing male nude. The artistic style employed by sculptors during that time was heavily influenced by Egyptian sculpture (Richter 2); one can see immediately the similarities in the execution between Egyptian sculptures deities and statues like the Kouros (600 BC, 3 meters high). These sculptures predominantly portrayed athletic male subjects who were very structured in their appearance. Limbs were in pleasing proportion to the entire body, the bust was dealt with similarly and the entire piece might have served as something of an anatomy lesson. Archaic sculpture would be to Classical sculpture what the drawings of an elementary student are to that of a learned sketch artist. The figures lacked life; the stiff effect of the chisels and stone abrasives of the Archaic Greek sculptor meant that aside from quite accurately depicting the human form, statues like the Aristodikos (500 BC, 1.95 meters) could not inspire the mind of the viewer like the next artistic period (Goette 116). What the Classical Greek period of sculpture brought to the world was a celebration of how the body actually functioned; the Classical period brought movement. American cinema has followed a similar path since its inception in the early 20th century. The first films produced in the United States took one of two actions: recreating historical events or recreating classic literature on screen (Slide 151). The very first American movie was Richard III (1912), a remake of Shakespeare's 16th century classic. Three years later saw the release of The Birth of a Nation, a highly controversial film that depicted the events and atmosphere of a divided nation before and during the American Civil War from the perspective of the Ku Klux Klan and its followers. Like Archaic Greek sculpture, it was not the subject of these early films that was lacking, it was the execution. Actors were reminiscent of the Kouros in their rigidity and although the plot and stories of early American films were often of excellent quality, there were few attempts at subplot or undertone; very little existed in these films and many movies of the following decades that was not superficial (Finn 191). The Classical period of Greek sculpture saw the creation of works like the Youth of Anticythera (340 BC, 1.94 meters), crafted in bronze and succeeding in the portrayal of something that its predecessors had failed in: motion (Lullies et all 87). Instead of creation statues that stood straight and perfectly balanced on straight legs and flat feet with arms straight down both sides, Classical sculptors experimented with the movement of the limbs and the portrayal of the human body in more natural positions. In this way human sculpture became more geared towards the expression of beauty and of an essential aesthetic within each work of art. Curves, muscle definition and even subtle body language could be portrayed in this style where before statues were really no more than human figures carved out of stone. Classical Greek sculptures captured the human spirit within their work. American film changed in much the same way, albeit over a much shorter time period. Instead of merely producing historical

Exam econmic of race and gender Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exam econmic of race and gender - Essay Example rmulated as a response to the decisions of the United States Supreme Court which had led to the rights of the employees being limited since they sued their employers for discrimination. a) The term paper was on the topic, â€Å"Instances of gender discriminatory behaviors at work places†. This helped me identify with the discrimination that people face at work and also allowed for a clearer understanding of the various acts and laws in place to resolve these issues. On the whole, the term paper was very beneficial in better understanding of the subject as a whole. Working on the gender discriminatory behavior at work has not only helped in this class but is also a beneficial learning for how work environments actually function. Here this report has been detailed with complete insight into affirmative action and how it works. This provides a practical experience and helps relate better to subject. There is also clarity of various cases and the outcomes of the cases which make it simpler to understand the subject rather than simply learning the laws directly. b) The group presentation was on the topic â€Å"Affirmative Action losing favor in the United States†. This presentation has been very helpful for the course as it helps bring out the views and opinions of the students on affirmative action. The presentation was divided into three main parts, i.e. history of affirmative action, diversity rationale and the main discussion of whether affirmative action is losing favor. The presentation was in its own way a chance for us to study the literature carefully and in detail. The presentation helped each of us work on different part individually which helped in understanding the subject to a greater extent. On the whole this presentation not only helped us learn the topic more in detail but also lead us to use our knowledge to correlate to the success of the affirmative action. This I believe brought about a lot of discussions and views which were not otherwise

Status of Women and Marriage Change Essay Example for Free

Status of Women and Marriage Change Essay The Medieval approach to the subject of marriage was entirely distinct and unlike our own. It is difficult to understand their view on married life, as it appears to us, in the modern day to be much more of a contract for the consolidation of estates and monetary gain rather than the love of two people. However the view of women in general was very  unlike the outlook of our contemporary society and to understand their view of marriage we must first understand the outlook of women in the Middle Ages.   Women are first mentioned in The Bible in Genesis 2:21-3. It is described how woman is created from the rib of man and how the man said  This at last is bone of my bones  and flesh of my flesh;  she shall be called Woman,   because she was taken out of man1. The following passages in The Bible describe the fall of Eve and the temptation of Adam. From the very first literature, women are depicted with less moral standing than men and are seen as the downfall of all good, honest Christians. Apostles such as St Paul and St Augustine are also seen to have a grave role in the shaping of the view of women in the Middle Ages. However condemnation of females was not only confined to the Christian Church, as we know it today. Constantine, who established the progressive Christainisation of the empire, discovered small yet troubled heresies among which was one called Gnostics. They believed that the created world was inferior to the spiritual one and as women are the creators in our world they were therefore automatically lesser in the eyes of the lord. Many Gnostic sets wished to discard the reproducing purposes of women and also believed that marriage was sent from the Devil. They are quoted as declaring Marrying and reproducing are said to be instigated by Satan However they did not just believe in this without any cause. Gnostics thought that if women abandoned their duty to procreate they would be worthy to preach, baptise and prophesy alongside men. There were already many prior instances of women taking on such roles within The Bible. However, most surprisingly was the vision of the female Christ. This was maintained by Montanist liturgies that had great worship for Eve as her first sin brought about the miracle of incarnation. So it is easy to see that womens role within this society was a perplexed and confused issue. There were so many different views from many different sects of Christianity, however what I am going to concentrate on is the view of the laywomen in the Middle Ages by the Christian church.  All women were expected to be married, even Nuns were the brides of Christ. Although it was expected, marriage was not the ideal state for a woman. The perfect form was virginity. Those women who preserved their virginity were exalted among others as they had not given in to temptation and from the stories of Eve its in the female nature to be tempted. Puritans wrote  Per mulierem culpa successit,  Per virginem salus evenit  Sin came from women,  But salvation through a virgin2  However even virginity could not bring a woman to the higher state that a man holds within the Christian Church of the early Middle Ages. Cyprian, a third century writer made virginity the distinguishing and unique mark of Christianity, which in turn made virginity a public affair as opposed to a private virtue. Cyprians later contemporary; Ambrose conceived the idea that there were only two types of women in the world. Those who led normal married lives which were tarnished by sexual intercourse and those who stood out from the rest, exceptional women who remained virgins. St Augustine held up the celibate marriage of the Virgin Mary as an ideal for all. Unfortunately pureness would be impossible for the masses. Interestingly, it was only female virginity that held such high esteem. Origen a second century monk castrated himself out of dedication to sexual purity and was punished by the church and excluded from priesthood as he was no longer whole. Female virginity was held in high reverence throughout the Middle Ages however this did change somewhat towards the latter part of this era. With the emergence of characters such as Alysoun in Chaucers The Canterbury Tales there was born a women who could play men at their own game. She could quote the Holy Scriptures, making them state that her way of life was viable. She in effect could turn around any criticism of her manner by means reserved only for men of the cloth. There was also an ideal of mutual freedom in marriage, which was conceived, in the late Middle Ages that would not have been imagined any earlier. Women were seen to take control of the household and hold an equal share of the responsibility within the home. Although their aging husbands may have to show them how to run their household, it was down to the lady to see that everything gets done. The man would provide his young bride with a conduct book explaining what she should do if he were to die suddenly, whether he thought it appropriate for her to re-marry. In addition to house rules and his preferences in the way his household was run.

The Liability of Tobacco Makers Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Essa

The Liability of Tobacco Makers Cigarettes have an affect on almost everyone, even if a person does not smoke. A man name Charles Green was affected by cigarettes, even though he never smoked a cigarette in his life. Green is 39 years old, and he used to be a very athletic person. That is, until he began working for a company full of smokers. Green worked behind a desk in an office building where everyone around him smoked. He was shoved in a little cubicle where smoke was thick in the air from his coworkers. After a time, Charles needed medication to help control his asthma from all of the smoke in his lungs. When he began to complain about the smoke, he was told to â€Å"Live with it.† When Charles decided to sue the company and the tobacco industry, he was awarded $60,000 for worker’s compensation. Green was not the only worker to sue tobacco companies, and he will not be the last (We’re Fighting). Is it right that people are allowed to put tobacco companies at fault for illness due to smoking? Each year there are hundreds of court cases in the United States against tobacco companies just like Charles Green’s case. Long term smokers and nonsmokers like Green are suing large tobacco companies for injuries from smoking. They feel that tobacco companies should be punished for making a product that millions of people use everyday. Although studies show that smoking cigarettes may cause cancer, tobacco companies claim that there is not a direct link. If the tobacco companies start losing the court cases, the price of cigarettes will increase. This increase is designed to keep people from buying cigarettes because of the high prices (Olsson). Even though tobacco companies have only lost one case, the link between smoking c... ...ere are also warning labels on every product with tobacco in it that is sold in the United States. Although there has only been one case where a tobacco company has ended up paying a settlement, I feel that as more people get cancer, more people will find new ways to sue. Works Cited â€Å"Highlights of the Tobacco Settlement.† 26 June 1997. Facts on File: World News Digest. 30 October 2004 . Olsson, Johan. â€Å"Product Liability in the Tobacco Industry. A Contemporary Issue.† 29 April 1994. Times Square. 2 November 2004 . â€Å"Tobacco Litigation Documents.† 27 September 2004. Galen: Digital Library of UCSF. 29 October 2004 . â€Å"We’re Fighting Big Tobacco.† 2000. JEL Iowa. 30 October 2004 .

Competency Statement Essay

To maintain a commitment to professionalism by conducting myself in a professional manner at all times. Every day I get to be part of all my students and their families lives and I hope to influence them with positive attitude, great energy and provide them with knowledge that they can use as building blocks for their future education .I have an understanding of my job expectations and every day I make decisions based on knowledge about age appropriate early childhood practices. CSVI a – The reason I chose to become an early childhood professional is because I like to be part of the learning process and see how the children benefit from the program we provide. I believe that early education is very important for children and I take a great pride in the work I do every day. With my art education and ability to be very creative, I am able to use it in my classroom and create artistic wall displays, bulletin boards, interesting art projects, and colorful teaching tools for the ch ildren in our program. Every day we provide them with paint , paintbrushes ,crayons, scissors ,glues, colorful papers and many more craft supplies and they go to create their own very special piece of art. This is one of many activities in the classroom that helps them to develop variety of different skills they need for everyday life and I get to be part of it. I understand that as their teacher I am a big influence on them and every moment of the time they spend in the school and I provide them with loving and positive environment. Every day, while they are away from their families, they get to spend a day filled with learning carefully planned fun activities, and I am very happy to be a part of that. At the end of every school year I’m pleased to see all of our students to move on to the next level of their education and I’m proud that I was able to help them learn basic skills and prepare them socially and emotionally for next step in life. I am lucky I picked profession I truly love. CSVI b – The most important indicators of professionalism that I possess are the ability to continue to educate myself about the age appropriate way to teach children and be able to incorporate it to our program every day. The knowledge about child development and early childhood education keeps changing over the years and I believe all teachers have to continue to educate themselves about new ways to teach children in  our care. Over the past seven years I have been assisting a wonderful teacher who was older and had been using the early childhood education practices she has learned thirty years ago. Last year our pre-school went through big change and we started using the Creative Curriculum which was not familiar to us at all. We have been working very hard on the new of way using age-appropriate, early childhood practices. It has been great experience for me to learn the new techniques to teach children their basic skills every day, and I get very excited to come up with new and fun ways for them to learn. Every year in the summer I attend many different workshops and trainings that help my professional growth. Another important indicator of professionalism that I posses is to conduct myself in a professional manner. Every single day I arrive at work on time, with a positive attitude, smile on my face and dressed appropriately for the responsibilities I have. I have an understanding that I represent our s chool and I have to use good judgment when making decisions that affect children in our pre-schools.